Tennis elbow, clinically known as lateral epicondylitis, is a condition characterized by inflammation or microtears in the tendons that attach to the lateral epicondyle, which is the bony bump on the outer part of the elbow. The primary cause of tennis elbow is overuse or repetitive strain on the forearm muscles and tendons that control wrist and finger extension. Despite its name, tennis elbow is not limited to tennis players and can affect anyone who engages in activities that involve repetitive gripping and wrist extension.

The mechanism of injury for tennis elbow typically involves the following:

Repetitive Movements: Engaging in repetitive activities that involve gripping, twisting the forearm, or repetitive extension of the wrist can strain the extensor muscles and tendons.
Improper Technique: Poor technique during activities such as tennis, weightlifting, or using hand tools can contribute to increased stress on the tendons around the elbow.
Forceful Impact: Sudden or forceful impacts, such as hitting a tennis ball with poor form, can contribute to the development of tennis elbow.
Age and Overuse: The risk of developing tennis elbow increases with age, and overuse of the forearm muscles without adequate rest and recovery can contribute to the condition.
Occupational Factors: Certain occupations that involve repetitive hand and wrist movements, such as those involving manual labor, typing, or using tools, may increase the risk of developing tennis elbow.

The repeated stress on the tendons can lead to small tears and inflammation, causing pain and discomfort on the outer part of the elbow. Symptoms may include pain, weakness, and tenderness on the lateral side of the elbow, as well as difficulty with gripping or lifting objects.

Treatment often involves rest, ice, anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, and specific exercises to strengthen and rehabilitate the affected muscles and tendons. In some cases, a brace or splint may be recommended to reduce strain on the affected area. Severe or persistent cases may require more advanced interventions, such as corticosteroid injections or, in rare cases, surgical procedures.